Flying into New
Orleans reading Jared Diamond’s Collapse, a whole history of
societies throughout history that have collapsed, mostly through destroying
their environment, deforestation, soil erosion, and related mistakes. I can’t
help thinking that historians of the future will look back on New Orleans’
destruction in last summers’ hurricanes with the same kind of incredulity
as we ponder the Easter Islanders’ cutting of their last trees. “How
could they not have seen what they were doing?” they might ask. “They
knew that hurricanes would come, that the levees were inadequate.” That
historian might go on to mark the summer of the hurricanes as the watershed
moment for the American Empire, the point where its collapse became evident,
if not in the lack of preparations for the disaster, then in the utter failure
of every major institution to respond adequately. “It wasn’t the
beginning of the end, but it was the point where the end became visible.”
Or not. They might come to a different conclusions. if they were here with me
in the Common Ground office called the House of Excellence, sitting in on our
Bioremediation team meeting, watching Emily’s eyes light up with excitement
as she says, “We’re really doing it—we’re really going
to clean the whole thing up!” In the front room is a bank of computers
with open, free internet access open to the community. In the side rooms are
offices, a small kitchen. A young man with wild, dark hair spends half an hour
reading one of the Narnia books to a three young girls here for daycare. Jen,
Randy, Juniper and I are all deep in books on phytoremediation and beneficial
fungi and compost teas and doing computer searches as we pull together the material
for tomorrow’s public forum on the toxic residues here in New Orleans
and our plan for the weekend’s bioremediation training. Working with these
young women—it’s like having a team of Hermione Graingers at our
disposal, young, incredibly smart, beautiful, and willing to dive into books
and internet sites and come up with answers to almost any question, if answers
exist Juniper, who middle aged, beautiful and incredibly smart, and in fact
in her day job is a respected environmental engineer, shows us her map—she
has taken the EPA testing data, 75,000 pieces of information posted on their
website in obscure and intimidating detail, put it together with her own data
and plotted it on a map that shows the sites tested and the toxins found for
all of New Orleans.
Now that we know where the hot spots are, (or at least, the one’s they’ve
tested) and what the problems are, we can decide what will be the most effective
ways to clean them up, using beneficial bacteria, or mushrooms, or plants. It
sounds simple, but there are many complexities. Petrochemicals can be broken
down by bacteria and fungi, but heavy metals are elements, and can’t be
broken down. Some plants and mushrooms will extract them from the soil, but
some of them need different conditions to work well. Lead, for example, is most
soluble when the soil is acidic, and needs special chelating agents to be taken
up in quantities. Arsenic, one of the most common pollutants, is most soluble
when the soil is alkaline. We can find references to plants that will take it
up, but where the hell do we get seeds for Alpine Pennycress or spores of Ladder
Brakefern? The methods we would use to uptake metals in plants are exactly contradictory
to those we might use to bind them into the soil in a form that will be less
harmful to other life forms. Which do we do?
It’s exciting. It’s also uncharted territory. Lots of people have
worked on bioremediation, in the lab, on highly toxic sites, in well funded
cleanup efforts. We don’t know of anyone who has tried it on a low-budget,
mass movement backyard scale.
2-13-06:
Two days of intense research, followed by the forum and two days of training.
The forum went well, with about a hundred people crowded into the gutted front
room of the church that is hosting Common Ground’s Community Center on
the east side of town. We had the usual technical problems—Juniper’s
great maps that showed so clearly on the computer didn’t show up at all
when projected onscreen, but otherwise lots of good information and enthusiasm.
Because of the hurricane, the EPA has now tested New Orleans for a whole host
of contaminants. The EPA has not tested the back yards of Brooklyn or Chicago
or Detroit—but chances are if they did they would find many of the same
contaminants as in New Orleans. Katrina didn’t create the arsenic or the
diesel fuels, she just spread them around. Some came from industrial spills
and refineries, of course. But the lead and the arsenic, probably the most wide-spread
contaminants, were already in the soil. Louisiana has a generally high background
level of arsenic in its soils, but much of what is here now probably comes from
using treated lumber, herbicides, pesticides and lawn chemicals. One piece of
data seems to highlight this issue: the Sun Done garden, an organic garden for
fifteen years, tests in the safe zone for all the major contaminants, including
arsenic. Other backyards, just a few blocks away, test high. Thinking about
how to bioremediate these toxins brings us back around to think about how insane
it is to be putting them onto the ground in the first place. On the larger scale,
bioremediation means learning to grow food organically and live sustainably
I the first place.
Saturday we began our training at the Sun Done Community Garden, one of sixty
coordinated by a nonprofit called Parkway Partners. It’s a big piece of
ground, maybe half an acre, tucked between the back yards of houses in a residential
area that flooded heavily and is still mostly deserted. When I was here in November,
the garden was a shambles, the greenhouse in pieces on the ground, only one
or two beds in shape to plant. Now, the Common Ground crew, spurred by Lisa
and Emily, have done a miraculous work of transformation. The raised beds and
reconfigured and are growing greens and vegetables that we’ve been eating
at the Community Center. The greenhouse has been re-erected, covered with new
plastic, and fittled with gutters and rain catchment that have filled half a
dozen barrels of water from last night’s downpour. There’s a small
compost toilet in the back and room for seating and training inside the greenhouse.
We were expecting somewhere between ten and thirty people, and made handouts
for fifty, thinking we’d have extras. But people begin swarming in, and
soon the greenhouse is filled and overflowing.
We spend the day going over the toxins that have been found in New Orleans’
soil, and the three basic methods of bioremediating them—using microorganisms,
using fungi and mushrooms, and using plants. We divide people into different
groups for hands-on practice, making compost, starting worm bins (worm castings
are the major source for the microorganisms we culture), starting seeds and
taking cuttings, and inoculating strata with mushroom spawn.
And then we spent Sunday teaching about fungi and using plants to accumulate
heavy metals. Part of our project will be to put up a website with all our data
and information, and to do some documented trials to learn much, much more about
how all this might work. There’s lots more to tell, but I’m going
to send this first report out now, while I have internet access.
More later, Starhawk
Starhawk is an activist, organizer, and author of The Earth Path, Webs of
Power: Notes from the Global Uprising, The Fifth Sacred Thing
and other books on feminism, politics and earth-based spirituality. She teaches
Earth Activist
Trainings that combine permaculture design and activist skills, www.earthactivisttraining.org
and works with the RANT trainer’s collective, www.rantcollective.net
that offers training and support for mobilizations around global justice and
peace issues.
Donations to support the work can be made at
www.rantcollective.net
Tax deductible donations can also be sent to:
ACT
1405 Hillmount St.
Austin, Texas
78704
U.S.A.
(Check payable to ACT earmarked NOLA)